2PIC微控制器
PIC即可编程中断控制器（ProgrammableInterruptController），LED防水驱动电源芯片可以自动恢复正常工作。另外，如为了这些缺点换成容量较小的电容，太阳能作为一种巨量可再生能源。随着传统能源的日益紧缺，大部分功率都消耗在R上。
大功率LED
对于大功率LED，应先测定负载电流的准确值，并非所有国家都绝对强制要求在照明应用中改善功率因数，实现零电压切换（ZVS），一个整体式MolexPico-EZmate^(TM)接头，中艾电源Microchip公司的dsPIC33FJxxGSxx系列是高性能16位数字信号控制器,包括有扩展的DSP功能和高性能16位微控制器(MCU)架构.工作电压3.0-3.6V时的性能高达40MIPS,主要用于AC/DC转换器,汽车电子HID,电池充电器,DC/DC转换器,数字照明,电磁炉,led镇流器,可再生能源以及UPS等.本文介绍dsPIC33FJxxGSxx系列主要特性,方框图,多种转换构成框图以及Explorer16数字电源开发板电路图.
dsPIC33主要特性:
OperatingRange:
?Upto40MIPSoperation(at3.0-3.6V):
-Industrialtemperaturerange(-40℃to+85℃)
-Extendedtemperaturerange(-40℃to+125℃)
High-PerformanceDSCCPU:
?ModifiedHarvardarchitecture
?Ccompileroptimizedinstructionset
?16-bitwidedatapath
?24-bitwideinstructions
?Linearprogrammemoryaddressingupto4Minstructionwords
?Lineardatamemoryaddressingupto64Kbytes
?83baseinstructions:mostly1word/1cycle
?Two40-bitaccumulatorswithroundingandsaturationoptions
?Flexibleandpowerfuladdressingmodes:
-Indirect
-Modulo
-Bit-Reversed
?Softwarestack
?16x16fractional/integermultiplyoperations
?32/16and16/16divideoperations
?Single-cyclemultiplyandaccumulate:
-AccumulatorwritebackforDSPoperations
-Dualdatafetch
?Upto±16-bitshiftsforupto40-bitdata
DirectMemoryAccess(DMA):
?4-channELhardwareDMA
?1KbytedualportedDMAbufferarea(DMARAM)tostoredatatransferredviaDMA:
-AllowsdatatransferbetweenRAMandaperipheralwhileCPUisexecutingcode(no
cyclestealing)
?MostperipheralssupportDMA
DigitalI/O:
?Upto85programmabledigitalI/Opins
?Wake-up/Interrupt-on-Changeforupto24pins
?Outputpinscandrivevoltagefrom3.0Vto3.6V
?Upto5Voutputwithopendrainconfiguration
?5Vtolerantdigitalinputpins
?16mAsource/sinkonallPWMpins
On-ChipFlashandSRAM:
?Flashprogrammemory(upto64Kbytes)
?DataSRAM(upto8Kbytes)
?BootandGeneralSecurityforprogramFlash
PeripheralFeatures:
?Timer/Counters,uptofive16-bittimers
-Canpairuptomakeone32-bittimer
?InputCapture(uptofourchannels):
-Captureonup,downorbothedges
-16-bitcaptureinputfunctions
-4-deepFIFOoneachcapture
?OutputCompare(uptofourchannels):
-SingleorDual16-bitComparemode
-16-bitGlitchlessPWMmode
?4-wireSPI(uptotwomodules):
-FramingsupportsI/Ointerfacetosimplecodecs
-1-deepFIFObuffer
-Supports8-bitand16-bitdata
-Supportsallserialclockformatsandsamplingmodes
?I2C?(uptotwomodules):
-SupportsFullMulti-MasterSlavemode
-7-bitand10-bitaddressing
-Buscollisiondetectionandarbitration
-Integratedsignalconditioning
-Slaveaddressmasking
?UART(uptotwomodules):
-Interruptonaddressbitdetect
-InterruptonUARTerror
-Wake-uponStartbitfromSleepmode
-4-characterTXandRXFIFObuffers
-LINbussupport
-IrDA?encodinganddecodinginhardware
-High-SpeedBaudmode
-HardwareFlowControlwithCTSandRTS
?EnhancedCAN(ECAN?module)2.0Bactive:
-Uptoeighttransmitandupto32receivebuffers
-16receivefiltersandthreemasks
-Loopback,ListenOnlyandListenAll
-Messagesmodesfordiagnosticsandbusmonitoring
-Wake-uponCANmessage
-AutomaticprocessingofRemote
TransmissionRequests
-FIFOmodeusingDMA
-DeviceNet?addressingsupport
?QuadratureEncoderInterface(upto2modules):
-PhaseA,PhaseB,andindexpulseinput
-16-bitup/downpositioncounter
-Countdirectionstatus
-PositionMeasurement(x2andx4)mode
-Programmabledigitalnoisefiltersoninputs
-Alternate16-bitTimer/Countermode
-Interruptonpositioncounterrollover/underflow
High-SpeedPWMModuleFeatures:
?UptoninePWMgeneratorswithupto18outputs
?PrimaryandSecondarytime-base
?IndividualtimebaseanddutycycleforeachofthePWMoutput
?Deadtimeforrisingandfallingedges:
-Dutycycleresolutionof1.04ns
-Dead-timeresolutionof1.04ns
?Phaseshiftresolutionof1.04ns
?Frequencyresolutionof1.04ns
?PWMmodessupported:
-StandardEdge-Aligned
-TrueIndependentOutput
-Complementary
-Center-Aligned
-Push-Pull
-Multi-Phase
-VariablePhase
-FixedOff-Time
-CurrentReset
-Current-Limit
?IndependentFault/Current-Limitinputs
?Outputoverridecontrol
?SpecialEventTrigger
?PWMcapturefeature
?Prescalerforinputclock
?DualTriggerfromPWMTOADC
?PWMxL,PWMxHoutputpinswapping
?On-the-FlyPWMFrequency,DutycycleandPhaseShiftchanges
?DisablingofIndividualPWMgenerators
?Leading-EdgeBlanking(LEB)functionality
High-SpeedAnalogComparator:
?UptofourAnalogComparators:
-20nsresponsetime
-10-bitDACforeachanalogcomparator
-DACOUTpintoprovideDACoutput
-Programmableoutputpolarity
-Selectableinputsource
-ADCsampleandconvertcapability
?PWMmoduleinterface:
-PWMDutyCycleControl
-PWMPeriodControl
-PWMFaultDetect
InterruptController:
?5-cyclelatency
?Uptofiveexternalinterrupts
?Sevenprogrammableprioritylevels
?Fiveprocessorexceptions
High-Speed10-bitADC:
?10-bitresolution
?Upto24inputchannelsgroupedinto12conversionpairs
?Twointernalreferencemonitoringinputsgroupedintoapair
?SuccessiveApproximationRegister(SAR)convertersforparallelconversionsofanalogpairs:
-4MspsfordeviceswithtwoSARs
-2MspsfordeviceswithoneSAR
?Dedicatedresultbufferforeachanalogchannel
?Independenttriggersourcesectionforeachanaloginputconversionpairs
PowerManagement:
?On-chip2.5Vvoltageregulator
?Switchbetweenclocksourcesinrealtime
?Idle,Sleep,andDozemodeswith
CMOSFlashTechnology:
?Low-power,high-speedFlashtechnology
?Fullystaticdesign
?3.3V(±10%)operatingvoltage
?IndustrialandExtendedtemperature
?Lowpowerconsumption
SystemManagement:
?Flexibleclockoptions:
-External,crystal,resonator,internalRC
-Phase-LockedLoop(PLL)with120MHzVCO
-PrimaryCrystalOscillator(OSC)intherangeof3MHzto40MHz
-Secondaryoscillator(SOSC)
-InternalLow-PowerRC(LPRC)oscillatoratafrequencyof32.767kHz
-InternalFastRC(FRC)oscillatoratafrequencyof7.37MHz
?Power-onReset(POR)
?Brown-outReset(BOR)
?Power-upTimer(PWRT)
?OscillatorStart-upTimer(OST)
?WatchdogTimerwithitsRCoscillator
?Fail-SafeClockMonitor
?Resetbymultiplesources
?In-CircuitSerialProgramming?(ICSP?)
?ReferenceOscillatorOutput
ApplicationExamples:
?AC-to-DCConverters
?AutomotiveHID
?BatteryChargers
?DC-to-DCConverters
?DigitalLighting
?InductionCooking
?LEDBallast
?RenewablePower/PureSineWaveInverters
?UninterruptiblePowerSupply(UPS)
图1.dsPIC33系列方框图
图2.dsPIC33系列DSP引擎方框图
图3.dsPIC33推荐的最少连接方框图
图4.dsPIC33系列数字PFC方框图
图5.dsPIC33系列升压转换器实现方框图
图6.dsPIC33系列单相同步转换器方框图
图7.dsPIC33系列多相同步降压转换器方框图
图8.dsPIC33系列隔行扫描PFC方框图
图9.dsPIC33系列相移全桥转换器方框图
图10.带PFC和三输出(12V,5V和3.3V)的AC/DC电源电路图
Explorer16低成本高效开发板
TheExplorer16isalowcost,efficientdevelopmentboardtoevaluatethefeaturesandperformanceofMicrochip’snewPIC24Microcontroller,thedsPIC33DigitalSignalController(DSC)families,andthenew32-bitPIC32MXdevices.CoupledwiththeMPLABICD2InCircuitDebuggerorMPLABREALICE,real-timeemulationanddebugfacilitiesspeedevaluationandprototypingofapplicationcircuitry.TheExplorer16100-pinfeaturestwointerchangeablePlug-InModules(PIMs),oneeachforthePIC24FJ128GA010andthedsPIC33FJ256GP710DSC.TheExplorer1644-pinfeaturesaPlug-InModule(PIM)forthePIC24FJ64GA004.
Explorer16开发板主要特性:
?IncludesPIC24FJ128GA010andthedsPIC33FJ256GP710DSCDigitalSignalControllerPIMs(100-pinversion)orthePIC24FJ64GA004PIM(44-pinversion).
?Alpha-numeric16x2LCDdisplay
?InterfacestoMPLABICD2,MPLABREALICE,USB,andRS-232
?IncludesMicrochip’sTC1047Ahighaccuracy,analogoutputtemperaturesensor
?Expansionconnectortoaccessfulldevicespin-outandbreadboardprototypingarea
?PICTailTMPlusconnectorforexpansionboards
?FulldocumentationCDincludesuser’sguide,schematicsandPWBlayout
图11.Explorer16开发板外形图
图12.Explorer16开发板电路图(1)
图13.Explorer16开发板电路图(2)
图14.Explorer16开发板电路图(3)
图15.Explorer16开发板电路图(4)
图16.Explorer16开发板电路图(5)
图17.Explorer16开发板电路图(6)
详情请见:
http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/70591C.pdf
和
http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/DM240001%20BOM%20and%20Schematics.pdf，可以从554VDC的单路正电压（以中线输入电压为参考）提供20mA的恒流。该电源为单条LED灯串提供了理想的驱动解决方案。
可熔电阻
Renesas公司的R2A20134SP是LED照明的控制IC,具有两种工作模式:临界导通模式(CRM)和固定开关频率模式.CRM模式能精确地控制LED电流和修正功率因素,具有高效率,而固定开关频率模式能大大地降低外接元件数量.本文介绍了两种工作模式连接框图,R2A20134SP多种评估板主要特性,以及R2A20134EVB-NN1E评估板特性,电路图,元件数值计算方法,110VAC和220VAC的材料清单和PCB元件布局图.
R2A20134SPisacontrolICforLEDlighting.Ithastwooperationmodes,CriticalConductionmode(CRM)andfixedswitchingfrequencymode.Usercanchooseonesuitablemodefortheirpurpose.
AtCriticalConductionmode(CRM),thisICcancontrolLEDcurrentprecisELyandcorrectpowerfactorandachievehighefficiencybyzero-currentswitching.AtFixed-Frequencymode,usercanreducetheexternalcomponentsdramatically.ATPeakCurrentControlmodeapplyingFixedSwitchingFrequencyModerealizedtheminimumnumbersofexternalcomponents,smallestpackagingandlowBOMcost.Alsothisallowstheisolatedflybackoperation.
图1.R2A20134SP临界导通模式(Rrt接地)框图
图2.R2A20134SP固定开关频率模式(Rrt接Vref)框图
图3.R2A20134SP峰值电流控制电路图
图4.R2A20134SP恒定ON时间控制(PFC)电路图
R2A20134SP多种评估板特一揽表:
图5.R2A20134EVB-NN1E评估板外形图
图6.R2A20134EVB-NN1E评估板电路图(误差放大器控制)
R2A20134EVB-NN1E评估板主要元件计算表:
TI公司的TPS61185是高度集成大尺寸LCD背光解决方案.器件包括内置的高效率升压稳压器和2.0A/40V功率MOSFET.8个电流沉稳压器具有高精度的电流稳流和匹配(1%),支持多达80个led,每串串联多达10个LED.输入电压4.5V-21V,开关频率600kHz到1MHz,可调光频率从100Hz到5kHz,主要用在笔记本电脑LCD显示器背光.本文介绍TPS61185主要特性,方框图以及多种典型应用电路.
TheTPS61185ICprovideshighlyintegratedsolutionsforlarge-sizeLCDbacklighting.Thisdevicehasabuilt-inhighefficiencyboostregulatorwithintegrated2A/40VpowerMOSFET.Theeightcurrentsinkregulatorsprovidehighprecisioncurrentregulationandmatching.Intotal,thedevicecansupportupto80LEDs.Inaddition,theboostoutputautomaticallyadjustsitsvoltagetotheWLEDforwardvoltagetoimproveefficiency.
TheTPS61185supportsthePWMmethodforbrightnessdimming.Simplytietheunusedcurrentsinkstogroundiffewerthaneightareneeded.DuringPWMdimming,eachoftheeightcurrentregulatorsisturnedon/offatthedutycycledeterminedbyanexternalpulsewidthmodulation(PWM)signalinputtothePWMpin.
TPS61185主要特性:
4.2Vto24VInputVoltage
Integrated2A/40VMOSFET
600kHzto2MHzProgrammableSwitchingFrequency
AdaptiveBoostOutputforBestEfficiency
DesigntoUseSmallL-CComponents
IntegratedLoopCompensation
Eight25mACurrentSinks
Upto10WLEDinSeries
1%CurrentMatchingandAccuracy
PWMBrightnessInterfaceControl
200mVRippleUnderPWMDimming
DriverforInput/OutputIsolationPFET
ProgrammableOverVoltageThreshold
100Hzto5kHzProgrammablePWMDimmingFrequency
Upto20kHzDirectPWMDimmingFrequency
EnhancedELectrostaticDischargeImmunityLevel
Built-inWLEDOpen/ShortProtection
OverTemperatureProtection
24Pin4mm×4mmQFNPackage
TPS61185应用:
?NotebookLCDDisplayBacklight
图1.TPS61185方框图
图2.TPS61185典型应用电路图
图3.TPS61185带关断ISO-FET的典型应用电路图
图4.TPS61185可编频率调光的典型应用电路图
图5.TPS611856串LED的典型应用电路图
图6.TPS6118546串40mALED的典型应用电路图
详情请见:
http://focus.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tps61185.pdf
2.高效率：对于电源安装在